In the epoch of groundbreaking technological strides, navigation systems emerged as foundational pillars, driving numerous advancements, especially in precision-critical sectors. The journey from rudimentary celestial navigation to sophisticated Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) epitomizes humanity's unyielding endeavors for exploration and pinpoint accuracy. This analysis delves deep into INS's intricate mechanics, exploring the cutting-edge technology of Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (FOGs) and the pivotal role of Polarization in Maintaining Fiber Loops.