Vibration tests and climate chambers are typical stations used to qualify a laser system for use in space. Despite undergoing the highest loads, these laser systems must remain adjusted with micrometer precision in order to work safely in space.
In recent years, the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (Fraunhofer ILT; Aachen, Germany) has been developing and continuously improving the assembly technology for such laser systems, working together with partners such as DLR, Airbus Defence and Space, TESAT Spacecom, and ESA to build the optical systems with state-of-the-art technologies. All essential alignment steps are performed with manually guided robots using the pick & align process. A central tool is the gripper arm; it sits on a hexapod and positions the components in the optical assembly with micrometer precision. There, they are adjusted to within a few microradians and fixed in place by soldering. The design of the gripper arm is decisive for the precision of the assembly and also determines how heavy the optical components can be.
To further improve how well the setup technology performs, Fraunhofer ILT developed a completely new gripper arm. Based on its construction design, colleagues at the Chair for Digital Additive Production (DAP) at RWTH Aachen University also dimensioned the bionic structures in such a way that its payload could be increased while having lower dead weight. The topology-optimized gripper arm was finally manufactured via laser powder-bed fusion (a 3D printing technique), also at the DAP chair. Thanks to special post-processing, the gripper arm achieves cleanroom class ISO5.
Until now, residual powder on the components prevented the use of 3D printing methods for such precision tools in the cleanroom. The new gripper arm is divided into two parts with a static and a moving part. Supply lines for the required media are integrated into the gripper arm to minimize contamination.
This precision tool can move significantly heavier parts than the previously used tool, while at the same time enabling a more stable adjustment. “With this technology, we are breaking new ground. We don’t first design the component and then check whether it has the desired properties; instead, we optimize the component geometry for the load scenarios,” says Michael Janßen, who has been designing assembly grippers for years.
The new gripper will be used within the framework of FULAS, a universal technology platform developed by the Aachen researchers for building laser systems in aerospace projects. “We have incorporated the experience gained from the entire FULAS development into the production of the new gripper,” summarizes project manager Heinrich Faidel from Fraunhofer ILT. A system based on FULAS is currently being built for the German-French climate mission MERLIN (Methane Remote Sensing Lidar Mission). The small MERLIN satellite is to be launched into space from Kourou, French Guiana, to map the distribution of methane in the Earth’s atmosphere. The satellite’s core component is a lidar laser that sends light pulses into the atmosphere and determines the methane concentration from the backscattered light.