Metamaterial solar reflectors remove heat from spacecraft and satellites
A team that includes researchers from the University of Southampton (Southampton, England) has developed new technology that could significantly improve spacecraft or satellite exploration. Metamaterial Optical Solar Reflectors (meta-OSRs) are the first-surface coatings on the outside of a spacecraft, designed to effectively radiate infrared heat away from the surface while reflecting most of the optical solar spectrum.
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For a satellite or spacecraft, the OSRs play a crucial role in the system’s thermal control. Glued to the external skin of the radiator panels, OSRs are designed to reject solar radiation and dissipate the heat that is generated on board. OSRs are commonly made of quartz tiles that combine thermo-optical properties with an ability to withstand the environment in space. Unfortunately, quartz tiles are heavy and fragile, add significantly to assembly and launch costs, and cannot be applied to curved surfaces. Other commercial solutions based on polymer foils suffer from fast performance degradation and are therefore unfit for missions lasting more than three to five years.
The team demonstrated that a new meta-OSR coating is enabled by the use of metal oxide, a material commonly used for transparent electrical contacts, which, in this instance, is patterned into a metamaterial with very strong infrared emissivity while retaining a low absorption of the solar spectrum. The team also demonstrated a ‘smart’ radiator based on their metamaterial design that allows tuning of the radiative cooling of the spacecraft using another type of metal oxide.
University of Southampton professor Otto Muskens, principal investigator of the study, said, "The meta-OSR technology is entirely based on durable and space-approved inorganic coatings, which can be applied onto flexible thin-film substances with the potential to be developed as a new technology solution. Since the assembly and launch costs of OSRs is several tens of thousands of US dollars per square metre, even small improvements in weight reduction can make a significant change to the space industry."
Supported by a two-year Horizon 2020 space technology project, the University of Southampton is a member of the META-REFLECTOR consortium, which also includes the Italian research centre Centro Ricerche Elettro-Ottiche (CREO), Danish nanoimprint developer NIL Technology, and Thales Alenia Space.
Kai Sun from the University of Southampton added, "All of the partners have actively worked together to ensure the design and fabrication are suitable for its transfer to mass-production. It is an exceptional research experience to transfer the cutting-edge research idea to a commercial product."
The team is currently working on upscaling the prototypes to larger areas through processes developed by NIL Technology, while first tests of the metamaterials in space are being prepared.
Sandro Mengali, from CREO who participated in the study, said, "Passive control of the thermal emissivity is important to preserve precious heat during start-up and eclipses and to maintain the temperature stability of the spacecraft. Currently, thermal emissivity control requires bulky mechanical components such as louvers, which are extremely expensive and prone to failure, posing significant risk to missions. The smart meta-OSR technology will offer a valuable new tool for thermal engineers of spacecraft, of particular importance for the lightweight segment of the satellite market."
The reports on this technology are titled "VO2 Thermochromic Metamaterial-Based Smart Optical Solar Reflector" and "Metasurface optical solar reflectors using AZO transparent conducting oxides for radiative cooling of spacecraft" and available online. More information regarding the META-REFLECTOR consortium is available at http://www.meta-reflector.eu/index.htm.
SOURCE: University of Southampton; https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2018/04/new-thermal-coatings-spacecraft.page
Gail Overton | Senior Editor (2004-2020)
Gail has more than 30 years of engineering, marketing, product management, and editorial experience in the photonics and optical communications industry. Before joining the staff at Laser Focus World in 2004, she held many product management and product marketing roles in the fiber-optics industry, most notably at Hughes (El Segundo, CA), GTE Labs (Waltham, MA), Corning (Corning, NY), Photon Kinetics (Beaverton, OR), and Newport Corporation (Irvine, CA). During her marketing career, Gail published articles in WDM Solutions and Sensors magazine and traveled internationally to conduct product and sales training. Gail received her BS degree in physics, with an emphasis in optics, from San Diego State University in San Diego, CA in May 1986.