November 19, 2008--Philip J. Wyatt, the CEO and founder of Wyatt Technology Corporation (Santa Barbara, CA) has been awarded the 2009 Prize for Industrial Application of Physics by the American Physical Society (APS).
For leading the commercialization of laser light scattering, a technology of considerable practical importance for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries as well as numerous academic research programs, Wyatt was selected to receive the prize sponsored by the General Motors Corporation and established by the Executive Board of the American Physical Society to acknowledge industrial applications of physics with an intention to publicize the value of physics for industrial development. Wyatt was the sole award recipient selected by the committee from five finalists of the 16 preliminary nominations. The prize will be presented at the APS March 2009 annual meeting (Pittsburgh, PA).
The inverse-scattering problem concerns the problem of determining the characteristics of an object (its shape, internal constitution, and so on) from measurement of light scattered from it into a broad range of scattering angles. Wyatt began his investigations of the practical applications of the inverse-scattering problem in 1967 with studies of means to differentiate bacterial species from one another.
Together with his colleagues, most importantly David T. Phillips, Wyatt modified a traditional light-scattering photometer to incorporate a laser light source. The prototype was then used to measure a variety of physical and structural properties of bacterial cells in solution. These early studies included the effects of temperature, as well as antimicrobials on such cells within a few minutes. This instrumentation was then further extended to permit such scattering measurements to be made and interpreted from scattering by single particles. These included bacteria, spores, photochemical smog particles, and fly-ash particles. Early laser-based commercial instruments were then developed and sold starting in 1971 by the firm Science Spectrum, which he founded in 1968. There was very little commercial interest in these products during their introductory years, and the company finally closed in 1981.
Wyatt founded Wyatt Technology in 1982 to develop, manufacture, and market a new class of laser-based analytical instruments. These instruments incorporated the concept of making simultaneous measurements of light scattered from solutions, and even single particles, into a broad range of scattering angles. Such measurements are referred to generally by the term multi-angle light scattering (MALS). The instruments are mainly used to develop new polymers, nanoparticles, and pharmaceuticals. By the turn of the century, the product line had expanded to include refractometers and devices to fractionate liquid-dispersed samples. The application of Wyatt Technology's multi-angle light scattering photometers in the pharmaceutical industry demonstrates the potential of such instruments in the development of new biologicals.