Cantilever-based nanolithography technique could make cheaper biochips

Raleigh, NC--A new type of dip-pen nanolithography technique that is less expensive than other approaches can be used to create technologies with biomedical applications, say its developers at North Carolina State University (NC State). "Among other things, this type of lithography can be used to manufacture chips for use in biological sensors—biochips—that can identify target molecules, such as proteins or genetic material associated with specific medical conditions," says Albena Ivanisevic, co-author of a paper in Small describing the research. Ivanisevic is an associate professor of materials science and engineering at NC State and associate professor of the joint biomedical engineering program at NC State and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The new technique relies on cantilevers, 150 micron long silicon strips that are tipped with spheres made of polymer or with naturally occurring spores. The spheres and/or spores are coated with ink and dried, and are absorbent enough to soak up water when exposed to increased humidity. Consequently, when the cantilevers are exposed to humidity in a chamber, the spheres/spores absorb water, making the tips of the cantilevers heavier and dragging them down into contact with any chosen surface.

Users can manipulate the size of the spheres and spores and control the patterns created by the cantilevers. For example, at low humidity, a large sphere will absorb more water than a small sphere, and will therefore be dragged down into contact with the substrate surface. The small sphere won’t be lowered into contact with the surface until it is exposed to higher humidity and absorbs more water. Furthermore, the differing characteristics of sphere polymers and spores mean that they absorb different amounts of water when exposed to the same humidity—giving users even more control of the nanolithography.

"This technique is less expensive than other device-driven lithography techniques used for microfabrication because the cantilevers do not rely on electronic components to bring the cantilevers into contact with the substrate surface," Ivanisevic says. "Next steps for this work include using this approach to fabricate lithographic patterns onto tissue for use in tissue regeneration efforts."

The paper was published online August 17 in the journal Small. Lead author of the paper is Dr. Marcus A. Kramer, who did the work at NC State while completing his PhD at Purdue University.

SOURCE: North Carolina State University; http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/wms-ivanisevic-nanolithography/