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  • Volume 51, Issue 08
  • Volume 51, Issue 08

    (Credit: Jacob Chinn, UA Alumni Association)
    OSC's Center for Integrated Access Networks (CIAN) collaborates to develop photonic integrated circuits based on a silicon photonics platform. This chip includes functionalities such as optical performance monitors with onboard detectors and optical add-drop multiplexers to obtain higher-order network functions.
    Optics

    Part 2: Making things in academia: From telescope optics to nanophotonics

    Aug. 6, 2015
    This month is the second part of an interview with Professor Tom Koch, who is Dean of the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona (UA).
    (Image courtesy of Mary Raven, University of California, Santa Barbara)
    A cellular sample imaged using an Olympus microscope equipped with a Spectra-X LED light engine from Lumencor and Semrock's LED-DA/FI/TR/Cy5-4X-A filter set.
    Detectors & Imaging

    Fluorescence Microscopy: Optimizing the imaging performance of LED light engines

    LED light engines are becoming increasingly popular for fluorescence microscopy, but standard filter sets—including those packaged with the sources—typically limit their performance...
    Muntjac skin fibroblast cells labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin, Alexa Fluor 555 goat anti-mouse IgG, and TO-PRO-3 stain, imaged with a blue LED light. Raman spectrum was taken with 1064 nm laser excitation using BaySpec's Nomadic Raman microscope (a). Raman mapping of a human cell provides direct biochemical information, with the color image reconstructed using a lipid Raman marker (b).
    Spectroscopy

    Raman Spectroscopy: Multi-wavelength excitation in Raman spectroscopy

    Aug. 6, 2015
    The ability to excite specimens with multiple wavelengths is enabling great flexibility for leveraging the benefits of Raman spectroscopy in life sciences.
    Nanolive's 3D Cell Explorer microscope, which makes tomographic images of living cells, won top prize in Startup World's Photonics awards at LASER World of Photonics 2015.
    Research

    Biophotonics: Biophotonics developments take top honors in Startup World awards

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Startup World held its first-ever PHOTONICS Awards during the LASER World of Photonics trade fair—delivering top prizes to companies working in life sciences.

    More content from Volume 51, Issue 08

    (Image courtesy of Fraunhofer ICT-IMM)
    The measuring channel (visible at right) forms the key component of the PoCyton flow cytometer.
    Test & Measurement

    Flow Cytometry: Small, inexpensive flow cytometer automates fast tumor cell counting

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Cancerous growths release circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the bloodstream, and their number indicates the effectiveness of therapy: A decrease during treatment means success...
    Barbaragoode2
    Detectors & Imaging

    Phone-based diagnostics dials in

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Plenty of news reports this summer demonstrate how the smartphone is increasingly being leveraged as a platform for biomedicine.
    FIGURE 1. A selection of diamond-tipped machining tools is used for shaping nonmetallic component for optical systems (a); an edge of a nonmetallic component is beveled (b).
    Optics

    Glass/Ceramic Machining: Machining precision glass and ceramics: Choosing, specifying and avoiding pitfalls

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Incorporating glass and ceramic components into optical systems benefits from making the right choices in materials, design, and fabrication.
    FIGURE 1. A pick-up is used to make both sides of a lens the same radius of curvature.
    Optics

    Optical Design: Downhill simplex algorithm optimizes luminaire designs

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Optical simulation software based on downhill simplex optimization allows engineers to efficiently find optimal designs for products with integrated LEDs or light pipes.
    ESPROS Photonics' epc610 monolithic CCD-CMOS time-of-flight backside-illuminated imagers improve NIR optical performance in time-delayed imaging (TDI) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM).
    Detectors & Imaging

    CMOS Sensors: CMOS and CCD combine in NIR time-of-flight on-chip imager

    Aug. 6, 2015
    While maintaining full charge-handling capacity and low noise operation, monolithic CCD system-on-chip technology is now integrated within a CMOS environment in which backside...
    FIGURE 1. A schematic shows the basic implementation of C-OTDR technology that measures the coherent sum of the light scattered from the Rayleigh scatterers within the footprint of the optical pulse as it travels down the fiber. Length or index of refraction changes between pulses change the magnitude and phase of the returned pulse, yielding the time series at the pulse repetition rate for each virtual sensor in the range bin defined by the round-trip time.
    Fiber Optics

    Fiber Sensing: Optical fiber monitors the arterial networks of commerce

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) provides an effective method of monitoring highways, railroads, and pipelines. With persistent gapless monitoring, this new capability...
    (Credit: STL QCC)
    FIGURE 1. Charles Kao measuring attenuation of bulk silica at Standard Telecommunications Laboratories.
    Fiber Optics

    Photonic Frontiers: Fiber Optics: Looking Back/Looking Forward: Fiber optics—booms, one spectacular bust, and a bright future

    Aug. 6, 2015
    By providing the backbone for the global telecommunications network, fiber optics helped create the Internet and helped us learn more about the rest of the world.
    FIGURE 1. Laser-system optics can be damaged from repeated exposure to high-peak-power laser pulses: (left panels) damaged optic surface; and (right panels) repaired, or mitigated site. The upper panel shows the result of a 'slow annealing' process, while the lower panel shows a 'rapid microshaping' technique, currently employed at NIF. Several repair techniques have been developed at LLNL with the aim of extending the useable life of the optics.
    Optics

    IR Optics: Processing optics using IR lasers

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers use multiphysics simulation to develop techniques to repair fused-silica optics.
    An electrically pumped random laser with an efficient source of both electrons and holes is formed by zinc oxide (ZnO)-based core-shell nanowires grown on a sapphire substrate and placed in contact with a boron-doped diamond. As the current is raised from below to above threshold, sharp peaks appear in the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum. The lasing threshold of the device is 13.8 mA (inset).
    Lasers & Sources

    Random Lasers: Diamond supplies holes for electrically pumped ZnO laser

    Aug. 6, 2015
    A random laser contains a gain material in which scattered light takes random paths, forming many small laser cavities and resulting in diffuse laser light.
    (Image credit: UT Dallas)
    An equivalent circuit shows the cross-section operation of the poly-gate-separated (PGS) Schottky diode (a) and a photomicrograph reveals its physical form after fabrication (b) for a 5 and 10 THz far-IR diode detector.
    Detectors & Imaging

    Terahertz Detectors: CMOS Schottky diodes lower cost and raise far-IR responsivity of electronic detectors 14X

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Researchers are using Schottky barrier diodes in a 130 nm CMOS process operating above their cutoff frequency for detection of terahertz radiation at 9.74 THz.
    (Image credit: Lionel Kimerling, MIT)
    As summarized by the cost per interconnection for different link distances, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT; Cambridge, MA) says that the threshold where the optical interconnect improves over electrical (the E-to-O transition) is when the bandwidth-distance product is greater than 1 Tbit-cm/s (or 10 Gbit-cm/s), eventually making optics compelling-even for board-level interconnects.
    Fiber Optics

    Datacenters: OIDA report reveals disaggregated datacenter roadmap for photonics

    Aug. 6, 2015
    On March 22, 2015, the fifth workshop in a series featuring optical networking and chaired by OSA Industry Development Associates, in collaboration with the Center for Integrated...
    (Credit: YoungJu Jo and YongKeun Park/KAIST)
    Seen here are representative major light scattering patterns of a single bacterium, from which its species (Lactobacillus casei) was identified from a machine-learning algorithm.
    Software

    Microscopy: Fourier-transform light scattering microscopy identifies individual bacteria

    Aug. 6, 2015
    Researchers have developed a new way to exploit optical microscopy for identifying bacteria.
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    Positioning, Support & Accessories

    Passive ceramic cooler shields optics within rotary laser scanners

    Aug. 6, 2015
    The trends of miniaturization and high-speed performance place demands on a product's thermal and optical properties.
    Content Dam Lfw Print Articles 2015 08 1508lfw Nb 3b
    Detectors & Imaging

    Thin-film MEMS pixels create color-rich ambient-light display

    Aug. 6, 2015
    A new interferometric absorption design has pixels that can be tuned through a continuum of colors.
    Content Dam Lfw Print Articles 2015 08 1508lfw Nb 2
    Lasers & Sources

    Mid-IR femtosecond fiber laser has high-peak-power pulses

    Aug. 6, 2015
    A group in Canada has reported a mid-IR femtosecond fiber laser, a device emitting at a 2.8 μm wavelength.